Ⅰ. What do you do when you spot a fire?
Shout loudly, or bang on pots and pans, or anything can make loud noise for alarming and calling more people to participate in the firefighting. Call “119” to resort to the fire department. Pay attention to the following details when dialing “119”:
1. Keep calm, dial “119” after hearing the dial tone (preferably with a fixed-line telephone).
2. When the phone is connected, state clearly the address of the fire (including the house number, the name of lane, road and street).
3. Explain (as clear as possible) the trigger and range of the fire, and the number of people being trapped.
4. Calmly reply to the “119” switchboard operator.
5. After hang up the phone, ask someone to wait for the fire truck at the intersection.
II. Three elements of firefighting
1. Put out a fire before the wind in case of being burned.
2. Put out the fire at the root.
3. Keep 2 to 3 meters away from the fire root. The effective distance of the fire extinguisher is 4.5 meters.
Ⅲ. How to use portable dry powder fire extinguisher?
1. Put the fire extinguisher on the ground, support the bottleneck with your left hand, and pull the safety pin with your right index finger. Don’t grip the handle tightly.
2. Pick up the cylinder, hold the bottom with your left hand, and squeeze the handle with your right hand.
3. Tilt down 45 degrees the cylinder when extinguishing fire.
4. The extinguisher is expired when the gauge hand points the red area; otherwise, it points the yellow and green areas.
Ⅳ. What kind of fire cannot be put out by water?
1. Alkali metals. Alkali metals (such as potassium, sodium) can decompose water and generate hydrogen and release a lot of heat, causing explosion.
2. Carbonized alkali metals, hydrogenated alkali, such as potassium carbide, sodium carbide, aluminum carbide and calcium carbide, and potassium hydride, magnesium chloride will chemically react with water, releasing a lot of heat, which may lead to fire and explosion.
3. Flammable liquids that are lighter than water or water-insoluble cannot be saved by water.
4. Molten iron and molten steel. The temperature of molten iron and molten steel is about 1600 ° C which may force water vapor to decompose hydrogen and oxygen, leading to explosion.
5. Three acids (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid) cannot be saved with strong water flow. Spray water if necessary.
6. High-voltage electrical equipment cannot be saved with water unless it is safely grounded or de-energized.
Ⅴ. Three principles when escaping from fire
1. Smoke prevention. Cover your nose and mouth with 3 to 8 wet towels (only functions in 3 to 5 minutes). Or urinate on clothes to replace wet towels in case of emergency.
2. Find the right escaping direction. Find the evacuation passage or an open staircase where the smoke is not dense or the fire is not spreading. When in a dark environment or an unfamiliar space, fumble on the ground to find the wall, along which the door will be found, then escape.
3. Escape with the aid of tools. If the fire occurred on or below the third floor, tie the rope (or tear the curtain, sheets and tie into thick strips) to the water pipe, heating pipe or other objects can bear the weight of a person, with the other end hanging from the window down to the ground or the balcony on lower floor, then slides down along the rope to escape the fire. Escape by using fire hydrants if fires happened between the 4th and 6th floor.
